IB DP · Chemistry HL/SL

Chemistry HL/SL Syllabus

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Block A

Stoichiometry, Atomic Structure and Periodicity

1. Fundamental Concepts of Matter and the Concept of the Mole

2. Empirical and Molecular Formulas

3. Balancing Chemical Equations

4. Stoichiometric Calculations and Reaction Yield

5. The Theory of Gases and Molar Volume

6. Solution Concentrations and Dilution

7. History of Atomic Models and Subatomic Particles

8. Isotopes and Mass Spectrometry

9. Emission Spectra and the Bohr Model of Hydrogen

10. Quantum Mechanics of the Atom - s, p, d, f Orbitals

11. The Aufbau Principle, Hund's Rule and the Pauli Exclusion Principle

12. Structure of the Periodic Table

13. Trends: Atomic and Ionic Radius

14. Trends: Ionization Energy and Electron Affinity

15. Electronegativity and the Chemical Character of Oxides

Block B

Chemical Bonding and Thermochemistry

1. Formation of Ionic Bonds and Properties of Ionic Compounds

2. Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

3. Exceptions to the Octet Rule and Resonance

4. Molecular Shapes - VSEPR Theory

5. Bond Angles and Molecular Polarity

6. Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals (sp, sp2, sp3)

7. Delocalized Bonds and Sigma/Pi Bonds

8. Intermolecular Forces (London, Dipole-Dipole, Hydrogen Bonding)

9. Physical Properties versus Bond Type and Structure

10. Fundamentals of Thermochemistry - System and Surroundings

11. Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions (Enthalpy)

12. Calorimetry - Determining the Heat of Reaction

13. Hess's Law and Standard Enthalpies of Formation

14. Bond Enthalpy

15. The Born-Haber Cycle, Entropy (S) and Gibbs Free Energy (G)

Block C

Kinetics, Equilibrium, Acids and Bases

1. Definition and Measurement of Reaction Rate

2. Collision Theory and Activation Energy

3. Effect of Concentration, Temperature and Catalysts on Reaction Rate

4. Rate Laws and Determining Reaction Orders

5. Reaction Mechanisms (Rate-Determining Step)

6. The Arrhenius Equation and Graphical Analysis

7. The Concept of Dynamic Equilibrium

8. The Equilibrium Constant (Kc) and the Reaction Quotient (Q)

9. Le Chatelier's Principle in Practice

10. The Brønsted-Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases

11. The Lewis Theory of Acids and Bases

12. The pH and pOH Scale and the Ionic Product of Water (Kw)

13. Weak Acids and Bases (Ka, Kb)

14. Buffer Solutions and Their Mechanism of Action

15. Titration Curves and Choice of pH Indicators

Block D

Redox Processes and Organic Chemistry

1. The Concept of Oxidation and Reduction, Oxidation States

2. Balancing Redox Equations in Acidic and Basic Media

3. The Activity Series of Metals and Halogens

4. Galvanic Cells and Cell Electromotive Force

5. Standard Electrode Potentials

6. Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis of Molten Salts

7. Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions and Faraday's Laws

8. Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Structural and Skeletal Formulas

9. IUPAC Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons and Functional Groups

10. Structural Isomerism and Stereoisomerism (Enantiomers, Diastereomers)

11. Reactivity of Alkanes and Alkenes

12. Alcohols, Oxidation of Alcohols and Esterification

13. Mechanisms of Nucleophilic Substitution (SN1, SN2)

14. Mechanisms of Electrophilic Substitution in Benzene

15. Fundamentals of Instrumental Analysis (MS, IR, NMR) for Compound Identification